Chart 16 This Kurdish word cloud reflects the most repeated terms in the 2025 Iraqi parliamentary election
dataset, showing what commenters were most likely to anchor their messages around. The largest word,
“( سەرکەوتنsuccess / victory”). Other dominant supportive terms include “( پشتیوانsupport”) and پبۆز
(“congratulations”) typical “campaign-style” language. Political alignment is visible through “( پارنParty”
commonly referring to KDP in Kurdish context) and references to Kurdistan/Kurdish identity, indicating partisan
framing rather than issue-based debate. Religious invocation is also frequent, especially هللا/ “( خۆایGod /
Allah”). Finally, the appearance of شاسوارین/ “( شاسوارShaswar” referenced as a political figure, associated with
the New Generation Movement locally known as ‘Nawey Nwe’ after imprisonment and release). "( کۆیلەservant
/ slave") derogatory insult; a demeaning label used to belittle someone as low-status or blindly obedient relevant
for hate speech patterns. "( خۆشgood / tasty") general approval word; it can also be used to describe women’s
appearance (“pretty/attractive”), sometimes in an objectifying or disrespectful way depending on the context
and tone.
66