Cyber-Harassment
A form of cyber-violence and includes any persistent, repeated and extended behavior from outside the digital world such as
excessive force towards victims through threats of violence, spreading defamatory lies that may cause embarrassment to the
victim, and impersonating victims. Harassers may violate victims' privacy by posting sensitive information, such as nude photos
or identification numbers, or harassers may use technology to disconnect from the internet. Cyber harassment often targets women
and girls and is called “cyber violence against women and girls or cyber violence against women and girls as it occurs against young
boys ) which includes:
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Unsolicited emails or other messages of an explicit sexually nature;
Offensive insinuations on social media and other platforms;
Threats of physical or sexual violence;
Hate speech meaning language that vilifies, demeans, threatens or targets an individual on the basis of their (gender)
identity and/or other characteristics (such as sexual orientation or disability).
Cyber defamation and Online Blackmail
Cyber defamation and digital extortion: This type of violence can turn into sexual blackmail (blackmail through the threat of
publishing private information, digital data, photos or videos that may be of a sexual nature); image-based abuse (non-consensual
sharing of intimate images); defamation (using technology to disseminate private personal information and spread rumors or false
information about them); and cyberbullying. It can turn into gender-based violence. It can be carried out by individuals or by digital
mobbing gangs.
Online Hacking
This is the illegal intrusion into computer devices and networks with the aim of accessing, manipulating, or destroying sensitive
information via the internet. This is carried out by an individual or a group of individuals with extensive experience in computer
programs. Using auxiliary programs, they can access another computer and view its contents by exploiting vulnerabilities in security
systems for unauthorized access to personal or private accounts and data. Hacking operations include a wide range of activities, such
as identity theft, extortion, espionage, and the dissemination of malware.
Online Sexual Exploitation and Abuse of Children
(OSEAC)
This term refers to the power of technology and its impact on a wide range of criminal acts that sexually target children through
the use of information and communication technologies (ICTs), facilitating their full commission.
These acts include, but are not limited to, the production, distribution, and possession of child sexual abuse material (CSAM),
online grooming, sexual extortion of children, as well as their corruption and direct contact with children for sexual purposes.
These criminal acts often take place online or via mobile devices, exploiting the trust
and vulnerability of children, and leave deep and long-lasting psychological and
social effects on the victims. The term "child sexual abuse material" refers to any
material that visually depicts a child engaged in actual or simulated sexual
conduct, or any depiction of a child’s sexual organs for primarily sexual purposes,
thereby reinforcing the long-term harmful impact of child abuse stemming from
engaging children in sexual activities, whether through coercion, exploitation of
a relationship of trust, or by targeting vulnerable children, including what may
occur within the family, at school, or any other location, especially as technology
contributes to the expansion of these crimes and facilitates their commission across
geographical borders.
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