Moral Ridicule: Where candidates cited moral or religious motivations for their withdrawal — expressing a desire to avoid unethical competition or corruption — they were met with mockery and accusations of hypocrisy rather than engagement with their stated reasoning. (Figure 32). Examples: ● ‫ — !!!!!!!!!!!!!وهذا أيمانج العميق شعجب هسه يله نبع عن قناعتج الراسخه!!!!! السياسه الدين لها‬Now suddenly your deep faith made you withdraw? Politics has no religion. ● ‫—اذا صبيحه انسحبت العراق راح ايضيع يمعود رجعها‬If Sabiha withdrew, Iraq is doomed — bring her back! Figure 32: Sample of hate speech comments These comments illustrate the double standards women face as principled decisions are dismissed as performative and strategic decisions are condemned as manipulation Delegitimization and Cynicism toward Female Participation A further category captured direct rejection of women's political participation, reflecting deeply entrenched cultural attitudes that politics is a male domain (Figure 33). Examples: ● ‫ر‬ ‫ش الزم‬ ‫ — مانطوكم ي‬They didn’t give you anything anyway. ● ‫ر ر‬ ‫ أصوات زين سوت‬١٠ ‫شء عىل‬ ‫ — طبعا تدري ماتحصل اكب ي‬Of course she knew she would only get ten votes — good that she withdrew. Figure 33: Sample of hate speech comments Such statements frame women's involvement in politics as inherently pointless or unnatural, reinforcing the view that women are outsiders in political life and helping to explain the normalisation of hate speech against women candidates. 54

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