this discussion paper is a call for more, and better, data on TF GBV, the limited evidence base is not an excuse for delaying the creation of effective regulatory systems or holding back support for prevention and response initiatives. These are urgently required now. Researchers need to work with networks of feminist technologists, GBV service providers, civil society organizations, and governments to design regulatory spaces that reflect the evidence already available. Researchers also need to support these networks to generate evidence that can continually improve responses to TF GBV is in line with ever-evolving technologies and tactics, and that can increase understanding of whether and how interventions are working to make all spaces safe for all women and girls.