Online violence has escalated, especially during the COVID-19 crisis, as digital spaces become integral to daily life. While it affects all users, women are disproportionately targeted, with certain groups—such as activists, women human rights defenders, and members of the LGBTIQ+ community—facing heightened risks. In the MENA region, the extent and diversity of online violence against women and girls remain underexplored. EuroMed Rights’ report, Spaces of Violence and Resistance: Women’s Rights in the Online World, examines trends across Algeria, Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, Morocco, Palestine, Syria, Tunisia, and Turkey, based on desk research and interviews with feminist activists